Base Rのグラフィック(作成途中)
UPDATE: 2022-07-31 01:47:15
はじめに
ここではBase
Rのグラフィックの基本的な使い方をまとめておく。今更Rのグラフィックス？と思うかもしれないが、作業をしているとggplot2少し手間な感じがあり、ggplot2使わなくてもいいようなきがしてきたので、使い方をまとめておく。決してggplot2が悪いわけではなく、私が使いこなせてないだけ。
説明は最小限なので、コードから内容を理解する必要あり。詳細は下記を参照。
予め可視化に必要なデータは読み込んでおく。
library(palmerpenguins)
head(penguins)## # A tibble: 6 × 8
## species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_… body_mass_g sex
## <fct> <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <int> <int> <fct>
## 1 Adelie Torge… 39.1 18.7 181 3750 male
## 2 Adelie Torge… 39.5 17.4 186 3800 fema…
## 3 Adelie Torge… 40.3 18 195 3250 fema…
## 4 Adelie Torge… NA NA NA NA <NA>
## 5 Adelie Torge… 36.7 19.3 193 3450 fema…
## 6 Adelie Torge… 39.3 20.6 190 3650 male
## # … with 1 more variable: year <int>pen_df <- na.omit(penguins)タイトルラベル
基本的な使い方
curve(sin, -5 , 5,
main = "Title here",
col.main = "red",
sub = "Subtitle here",
col.sub = "blue",
xlab = "X-axis label here",
ylab = "Y-axis label here")
タイトルの揃え位置を変更
curve(sin, -5 , 5)
title(
main = "Title here",
sub = "Subtitle here",
adj = 0,
line = 1.3
)
タイトルを削除
curve(sin, -5 , 5,
xlab = "",
ylab = "")
スケールラベルのカスタマイズ
基本的な設定
plot(
x = pen_df$bill_length_mm,
y = pen_df$bill_depth_mm,
xlab = 'BILL_LENGTH',
ylab = 'BILL_DEPTH',
pch = 19,
axes = FALSE, # box off
xaxt = "n",
yaxt = "n",
tck = 1 # ティック(目盛線)の長さ。xaxt、yaxtを使うと無効。
# axis内のatで指定する代わりに、xaxp、yaxpも使用可能。
# xaxp = c(start, end, number_regions)
# xaxp = c(35, 60, 5)
# yaxp = c(10, 30, 0.5)
# 軸の制限はxlim, ylimを使用
# xlim = c(0, 4)
# ylim = c(0, 100))
)
# X-axis
axis(1,
at = seq(35, 60, 1),
col = "blue", # Axis line color
col.ticks = "blue", # Ticks color
col.axis = "blue")
# Y-axis
axis(2,
at = seq(10, 30, 1),
col = "red", # Axis line color
col.ticks = "red", # Ticks color
col.axis = "red")
連続変数のスケールに文字ラベル
plot(
x = pen_df$bill_length_mm,
y = pen_df$bill_depth_mm,
pch = 19,
axes = FALSE, # box off
xaxt = "n",
yaxt = "n",
)
# X-axis
axis(1,
at = c(35, 38, 41, 44, 47, 50, 53, 56),
labels = c('P','e','n','g','u','i','n','s')
)
# Y-axis
axis(2,
at = c(13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20),
labels = c('P','e','n','g','u','i','n','s')
)
スケールの数字ラベルの向き
# 0始まりで指定する
las <- c('Parallel', 'Horizontal', 'Perpendicular', 'Vertical')
n <- length(las)
par(mfrow = c(2, 2))
for (i in 1:n) {
nm <- paste0('las = ',las[i])
plot(x = pen_df$bill_length_mm, y = pen_df$bill_depth_mm, main = nm, pch = 19, las = i-1)
}
2軸の散布図
par(mar = c(5, 4, 4, 4) + 0.1)
plot(
x = pen_df$bill_length_mm,
y = pen_df$bill_depth_mm,
col = 'royalblue',
pch = 19,
xlab = 'BILL_LENGTH',
ylab = 'BILL_DEPTH',
)
par(new = TRUE)
plot(
x = pen_df$bill_length_mm,
y = pen_df$bill_depth_mm + rnorm(length(pen_df$bill_depth_mm ), 0, 1)^2,
col = 'indianred',
pch = 19,
axes = FALSE, # No axes
bty = 'n', # No box
xlab = '',
ylab = '',
)
# Axis label
axis(4)
mtext(
"BILL_DEPTH + RANDOM",
side = 4,
line = 3)
レジェンド(凡例)
基本的な使い方
curve(sin, -5 , 5, col = 'red', lty = 'solid', type = 'l')
curve(cos, -5 , 5, col = 'blue', lty = 'dashed', type = 'p', add = TRUE)
curve(tan, -5 , 5, col = 'green', lty = 'twodash', type = 'h', add = TRUE)
legend(
x = "topright",
inset = 0.03, # margin
title = "LEGEND TITLE HERE", # Title
title.adj = 0.5, # Horizontal adjustment
title.col = 'orange',
box.lty = 2, # Box type
box.lwd = 2, # Box width
box.col = 'orange', # Box color
bg = rgb(1, 1, 0, alpha = 0.3),
cex = 1, # Legend size
# bty = "n", # Del legend
# box.lty = 0 # Del legend
legend = c('sin', 'cos', 'tan'),
lty = c('solid', 'dashed', 'twodash'),
col = c('red', 'blue', 'green'),
lwd = 2,
horiz = TRUE
) 
par(mar = c(6, 5, 4, 6.5))
barplot(table(penguins$species),
col = c('red', 'blue', 'green'),
density = 30,
angle = 45)
legend(
'topright',
inset = c(-0.25, 0),
xpd = TRUE,
legend = names(table(penguins$species)),
fill = c('red', 'blue', 'green'),
border = 'white',
density = 30,
angle = 90
)
# 凡例を下に持ってくる場合の設定情報の参考値
# par(mar = c(6, 4.1, 4.1, 2.1))
# inset = c(0, -0.35)
# horiz = TRUEボックス
基本的な使い方
curve(sin,
-2*pi,
2*pi,
col = 'blue',
axes = FALSE)
box(col = 'blue', lty = 'dashed', lwd = 2)
box("figure", col = 'blue', lwd = 2)
# Custom axis
axis(1,
at = c(-2*pi, -1.5*pi,-pi, -pi/2, 0, pi/2, pi, 1.5*pi, 2*pi),
labels = expression(-2*pi, -1.5*pi,-pi, -pi/2, 0, pi/2, pi, 1.5*pi, 2*pi)
)
axis(2, lwd = 1)
ボックスの枠線
par(mar = c(3, 2, 2, 2),
mgp = c(2, 1, 0))
boxtype <- c('o', 'L', 'C', '7', ']', 'U', 'n')
n <- length(boxtype)
par(mfrow = c(3, 3))
for (i in 1:n) {
nm <- paste0('bty = ',boxtype[i])
curve(sin, -2*pi, 2*pi, bty = boxtype[i], main = nm)
}
テキストアノテーション
基本的な使い方
plot(
x = pen_df$bill_length_mm,
y = pen_df$bill_depth_mm,
pch = 20,
col = 'royalblue'
)
text(x = mean(pen_df$bill_length_mm, na.rm = TRUE),
y = mean(pen_df$bill_depth_mm, na.rm = TRUE),
label = "Sample\n Sample",
col = "indianred",
font = 2,
cex = 3,
srt = 45)
点を文字で表現
set.seed(1989)
idx <- sample(1:300, 20)
plot(
x = pen_df$bill_length_mm[idx],
y = pen_df$bill_depth_mm[idx],
pch = 20,
col = 'royalblue')
text(x = pen_df$bill_length_mm[idx],
y = pen_df$bill_depth_mm[idx],
label = pen_df$species[idx])
ラインアノテーション
領域の分割
v <- mean(pen_df$bill_length_mm, na.rm = TRUE)
h <- mean(pen_df$bill_depth_mm, na.rm = TRUE)
fit <- lm(bill_depth_mm ~ bill_length_mm, data = penguins)$coef
a <- fit[1]
b <- fit[2]
penpch <- c(21,22,23)[unclass(pen_df$species)]
pencol <- c('#619CFF', '#00BA38', '#F8756D')[unclass(pen_df$species)]
plot(
x = pen_df$bill_length_mm,
y = pen_df$bill_depth_mm,
pch = penpch, # 21~25しか色がつけれない
bg = pencol
)
abline(
v = v,
h = h,
col = 'black'
)
abline(
a = a,
b = b,
col = 'black',
lwd = 2,
lty = 2
)
柔軟な領域の分割
plot(
x = pen_df$bill_length_mm,
y = pen_df$bill_depth_mm,
pch = penpch, # 21~25しか色がつけれない
bg = pencol
)
segments(x0 = 40, x1 = 40,
y0 = 15, y1 = 20,
lwd = 2,
col = "black")
segments(x0 = 41, x1 = 55,
y0 = 17, y1 = 17,
lwd = 2,
col = "black")
arrows(x0 = 42, x1 = 55,
y0 = 18, y1 = 21,
lwd = 2,
col = "black",
length = 0.1,
angle = 45) 
## ポイントの形状(Plotting CHaracter: pch)
基本的な種類
grid <- expand.grid(1:5, 6:1)
plot(grid,
pch = 0:30,
cex = 2.5,
yaxt = "n",
xaxt = "n",
ann = FALSE,
xlim = c(0.5, 5.25),
ylim = c(0.5, 6.5))
grid2 <- expand.grid(seq(0.6, 4.6, 1), 6:1)
text(grid2$Var1[1:26],
grid2$Var2[1:26],
0:25)
### pchのサイズ
plot(
x = pen_df$bill_length_mm,
y = pen_df$bill_depth_mm,
pch = penpch, # 21~25しか色がつけれない
bg = pencol,
cex = 2, # Symbol size
lwd = 2 # Border width
)
## バックグラウンドカラー ### 基本的な使い方
par(bg = "gray")
plot(
x = pen_df$bill_length_mm,
y = pen_df$bill_depth_mm,
pch = penpch, # 21~25しか色がつけれない
bg = pencol,
cex = 2, # Symbol size
lwd = 2 # Border width
)
グリッド
基本的な使い方
plot(
x = pen_df$bill_length_mm,
y = pen_df$bill_depth_mm,
pch = penpch, # 21~25しか色がつけれない
bg = pencol
)
grid(nx = NULL, # NAにすれば水平線のみ
ny = NULL, # NAにすれば垂直線のみ
lty = 'dashed',
col = 'gray',
lwd = 2) 
### グリットの制御
plot(
x = pen_df$bill_length_mm,
y = pen_df$bill_depth_mm,
pch = penpch, # 21~25しか色がつけれない
bg = pencol
)
grid(nx = 20,
ny = 5,
lty = 'dashed',
col = 'gray',
lwd = 2) 
グリットの前面背面
plot.new()
grid(nx = 20,
ny = 5,
lty = 'dashed',
col = 'gray',
lwd = 3)
par(new = TRUE)
plot(
x = pen_df$bill_length_mm,
y = pen_df$bill_depth_mm,
pch = penpch, # 21~25しか色がつけれない
bg = pencol
)
ラインの種類
ラインスタイル(lty)
par(mar = c(3, 2, 2, 2),
mgp = c(2, 1, 0))
linestyle <- c('blank', 'solid', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'dotdash', 'longdash', 'twodash')
x <- seq(-5,5,0.5)
n <- length(linestyle)
par(mfrow = c(3, 3))
for (i in 1:n) {
nm <- paste0('lty = ',linestyle[i])
plot(x, sin(x), main = nm, type = 'l', lty = linestyle[i])
}
ラインタイプ(type)
par(mar = c(3, 2, 2, 2),
mgp = c(2, 1, 0))
linetype <- c('p', 'l', 'b', 'c', 'h', 's', 'S', 'n')
x <- seq(-5,5,0.5)
n <- length(linetype)
par(mfrow = c(3, 3))
for (i in 1:n) {
nm <- paste0('type = ',linetype[i])
plot(x, sin(x), main = nm, type = linetype[i])
}
ラインの太さ(lwd)
par(mar = c(3, 2, 2, 2),
mgp = c(2, 1, 0))
linewidth <- 1:9
x <- seq(-5,5,0.5)
n <- length(linewidth)
par(mfrow = c(3, 3))
for (i in 1:n) {
nm <- paste0('lwd = ',linewidth[i])
plot(x, sin(x), main = nm, type = 'l', lwd = linewidth[i])
}